PMI was developed by Dr. Edward de Bono, a proponent of teaching critical thinking in schools. De Bono is credited with inventing the term lateral thinking, an approach to problem solving that encourages thinking about the problem in a creative, non-traditional manner. The goals of PMI are to help participants see both sides of an argument and think more broadly about an issue. De Bono felt that one of the problems with traditional thinking is that people focus their attention on how to back up an opinion that has already been formed.
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PMI is designed to open up each participant’s thinking and encourage creativity. In an or, PMI can be a useful tool for beginning the retrospective or unsticking the group when discussion has gotten bogged down.
(Example: 'Let's do a quick PMI on this.' ) The activity is short – it was designed to last only three minutes. Participants simply answer three questions as they apply to a topic provided by the facilitator - listing what is positive, what is negative and what is interesting.
PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting Example:. 2: Thinking Tools. Statements? “ There are many students who are educated but few who can think out of the box.” – Pak Lah “ We want the development of modal insan (model citizen), students who can think critically and creatively, who are able to solve problems and have the ability to adapt themselves to an ever-changing global environment.” - Blueprint for Education Development (2006 – 2010). During the launch of the National Education Blueprint 2006-2010 at the Putrajaya International Convention Centre. What kind of questions can we ask in relation to this picture?
Use your imagination . What kind of questions can we ask in relation to this picture? Use your imagination . Questioning 4.
Cognitive Research Trust (CoRT) 2. Mindmaps Thinking Tools. Thinking Tool?
A Thinking Tool is an instrument that can help us in using our minds systematically and effectively. With the use of thinking tools, the intended ideas will be arranged more systematically, clearly, and easy to be understood.
This module will explore four (4) types of thinking Tools: Questioning Concepts Mindmaps Cognitive Research Trust (CoRT). approach to motivate others to: Get information Test understanding Develop interest Evaluate the ability of individuals towards understanding certain things. “ A person who asks questions is a person who thinks.”’ - William Wilen Why me?. this picture.
Let’s construct questions using What, Who, Where, When, Why and How. and H The Five W’s and H, is an influential, inspirational and imaginative checklist (often used by journalists) to generate: Data-gathering questions, during the early stages of problem solving when you are gathering data. Idea-provoking questions (e.g. Whilst brainstorming). Criteria for evaluating options.
W hat W ho W here W hen W hy H ow 5Ws H. Knowledge Interpretation Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Lower-level Thinking Higher-Level Thinking. – Seek to determine the basic information of a situation: 5 Ws and H What happened?.
– Seek to select and organize facts and ideas, discovering the relationships between them. What is the main idea of Retell in your on words what happened. “ There are many students who are educated but few who can think out of the box.” – Pak Lah. – Help us take knowledge or concepts learnt in one situation and apply them to other situations. How would you apply the principles of decision making when seeking a job? How do you apply this rule in your daily life?
You’re Fired!. To separate the entire process into component parts and understand the relation of these parts to the whole. What are the parts or features of What evidence can you present to support Explain the reasons why you think I was fired because I was 1. Intelligent 2. Gammadyne mailer 242 serial number keygen for all versions. Hardworking 3. Proactive. to combine ideas and come to a conclusion.
What ideas can you add to What might happen if you combine with? What solution would you suggest for. to make informed judgments and decisions by determining the reliability of things. Do you agree with?
Why or why not? What criteria would you use to assess. ideas that we use to identify and organize our experience.
Structure of Concepts: 1) Sign - word/symbol that names the concept 2) Referents - examples of the concept 3) Properties - qualities that all examples of the concept share in common. Properties Referents Sign Concepts Words are the vocabulary of language; Concepts are the vocabulary of thought.
Engine, Seats, Dashboard Sign: “ Automobile” Concept: Automobile Referents: Lamborghini Proton Satria Neo Aristotle once said that an intelligent person is a 'master of concepts '. concepts by the interactive process of: Interpreting - Finding examples of the concept.
Generalizing - Focusing on the common properties shared by a group of things. the following dialogue on the concept of Friendship: I think in a 'friendship', trust and loyalty is given willingly and unconditionally. It should touch on different aspects of people's lives; and not just work. Alfonso So can I say that the relationship between my employee and I at work as a 'friendship'.
Amir I think 'friendship' involves an amount of trust and loyalty, which can hardly be established after just one interesting conversation. Alfonso Does 'friendship' occur after they have an interesting conversation? Amir No, I think 'friendship' takes time to develop. Alfonso Is 'friendship' what happens when two people meet and say hello?
Amir. studying the dialogue, we can imply that in order to determine which concept to apply to a situation, we have to: Be aware of the properties that form the boundaries of the concept. Be sure that the experience meets the properties or requirements.
means meeting the concept’s necessary requirements. In determining exactly what the requirements of the concept are, ask: Would something still be an example of this concept if it did not meet this requirement? When we are able to identify all of the requirements of the concept, we say these requirements are both necessary and sufficient for applying the concept. you apply a concept to an object, idea, or experience, you are in effect classifying the object, idea, or experience by placing it into the group of things defined by the properties/requirements of the concept.
The way you classify reflects and influences the way you see the world, the way you think about the world, and the way you behave in the world. The specific categories you use depends on the purposes of your classification. may attribute a girl's BEAUTY to her fair skin, rosy cheeks and long silky hair.
Others, however, may attribute beauty to the kindness of her heart and considerate nature. How do you classify the concept of BEAUTY?. effective definition of a concept means both: Identifying the general qualities of the concept, which determine when it can be correctly applied. Using appropriate examples to demonstrate actual applications of the concept.
That is, examples that embody the general qualities of the concept. would you define the word car?
What are the properties of a car?. be defined as a visual presentation of the ways in which concepts can be related to one another. It’s the Ultimate Learning Tool!. Helps You to: Save time as it uses only keywords (or concepts). Understand better Increase your ability to remember by utilizing the seven principles of Super Memory: Visualization Association Making Things Outstanding Imagination Colour Rhythm Holism The Rock Agrees!. useful for: Note taking (listening) Oral presentation (speaking) Writing YEAH!. Draw the topic at the centre.
Step 2: Add the Sub-Headings. Step 3: For each Sub-Heading, Add the Main Points and Supporting Details.
Step 4: Use your Imagination (pictures/images) to make it outstanding and memorable. The Rock Says You Must Try!. Likes Barry Mapp! Source:. de Bono. of the CoRT ( Co gnitive R esearch T rust) Thinking Method is to focus attention directly on different aspects of thinking and to crystallize these aspects into definite concepts and tools that can be used deliberately.
It is designed to encourage students to broaden their thinking. and Sequel AGO: Aims, Goals, Objectives (purpose) OPV: Other People's Views APC: Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting (ideas) FIP: First Important Priorities CAF: Consider All Factors. Should UNITAR have a main campus? Steps involved: List down all the factors. Consider each factor. What is the appropriate decision to be made? Used to look as widely as possible at all the factors involved in a situation.
Helping the flood victims in Johor. Steps involved: What are the important matters involved? Which is the most important one to be considered?
Which one should be given priority? Choosing from a number of different possibilities and alternatives (e.g. Putting priorities in order). Should UNITAR have OLT? Steps involved: List down all the plus points. List down all the minus points. List down all the interesting points.
What is your decision after considering all the factors? Examining an idea for good, bad or interesting points, instead of immediate acceptance or rejection. Exams should be abolished. Steps involved What are the other alternatives to overcome the problem?
What are the implications incur if every step is taken? What is the best solution? Generating new alternatives and choices, instead of feeling confined to the obvious ones. Example Student should be barred from VOISS if they do not pay their study fees. Steps involved Will this idea influence others? Other’s people opinion on this matter? Is your idea relevant before actions are taken?
Moving out of one’s own viewpoint to consider the points of view of all others involved in any situation. What is the AGO of the Critical Thinking Course?
Steps involved: What is the AGO of the plan? Are the implementations out of The AGO? How do I make sure that the AGO is achieved? Picking out and defining the objectives so as one is clear about his own aims and understanding those of others (Purpose). The future of e-Learning at UNITAR.
Steps involved: What are the long term effects? What are the risks I have to face? To what extent the new plan would bring changes? Considering the immediate, short (e.g.
1 - 2 years), medium (e.g. 2 - 5 year) and long term (e.g. Over 5 years) consequences. of 4-5, and then discuss: How can UNITAR students help the flood victims in Malaysia?
Plus Minus Interesting Activities
Choose one member of your group to take notes. The Rock Likes UNITAR. Group presentation & discussion 15 min Draw a mindmap of your group findings.
5 min Use one (or more) of the CoRT thinking tools to come up with suggestions. 10 min. time as it uses only keywords (or concepts), understand better and Increase your ability to remember. It is useful for: Note taking, Oral presentation and Writing. Mindmaps CAF: Consider All Factors FIP: First Important Priorities PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting APC: Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices OPV: Other People's Views AGO: Aims, Goals, Objectives C&S: Consequence and Sequel 4.
CoRT Concepts are general ideas that we use to identify and organize our experience. Structure of Concepts: Sign, Referents and Properties. Concepts Questioning is one approach to motivate others to get information, test understanding, develop interest, and evaluate the ability of individuals towards understanding certain things. Tools include the “5 Ws and H”, Bloom’s taxonomy, etc.
Questioning. n e R e s o u r c e s Mindmapping in 8 Easy Steps: www.thinksmart.com/mission/workout/mindmappingintro.html. UNIVERSITI TUN ABDUL RAZAK 16-5, Jalan SS 6/12 47301 Kelana Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia E-mail: emailaddress Tel: 603-7627 7238 Fax: 603-7627 7246.
© iStockphoto styf22 Weigh up the pros and cons of a decision. Many of us experience 'analysis paralysis' when we're faced with a difficult decision.
Often, we're afraid of making the 'wrong' choice, so we spend a huge amount of time analyzing every possibility, and struggling to reach a conclusion. At other times, however, we are convinced that we already know what the best solution is, so we make decisions quickly and don't consider all the alternatives. You can avoid both of these situations by weighing up the pros and cons of a decision – a simple but effective decision-making strategy that allows you to look at the situation from different angles, consider appropriate solutions, and make a confident choice. In this article, we'll explore how you can analyze the pros and cons of a decision quantitatively, so that you can make considered and well-informed choices. About the Tool Weighing up pros and cons can speed up the decision-making process, improve your understanding of the situation, and help you avoid. Using a simple 'pros' and 'cons' list encourages you to approach your decision objectively, without letting your 'gut feeling' impact your choice. This method is particularly useful in group decision making, when team members favor a certain idea, point of view, or plan.
It encourages each person to consider other perspectives, and it can help your team reach a balanced, informed decision. Note: Evaluating pros and cons is useful for making quick, non-critical,. However, when you have to compare many different options, or explore some choices in greater depth, such as or may be more appropriate.
Plus Minus Interesting Graphic Organizer
How to Use the Tool Weighing up the pros and cons of a decision is a quick and easy process. First, write the decision you have to make at the top of a sheet of paper. Next, divide it in half vertically, and label one side 'Pros' and the other 'Cons.' Then, list all of the possible positive consequences of the decision in the pros column, and all the negative effects in the cons column. It may already be obvious whether you should implement the decision at this stage. If not, consider the points you've written down, and assign a positive or negative value to each one. For example, a score of +5 may be strongly favorable, while -1 may be mildly unfavorable.
Try to score as objectively as possible! Once you've finished, add up the scores in each column, and subtract the total cons from the total pros. A positive overall score indicates that you should go ahead with the decision, while a negative one suggests you should scrap it. Remember, always use your common sense. If you suspect that the solution isn't appropriate, take some time to identify any factors you may have missed. Although working with a virtual team has a number of benefits, it also presents several risks. So, you weigh up the pros and cons of a remote working policy, below.
Implementing a Remote Working Policy Pros Cons Allowing team members to work from home can reduce their stressful and increase their productivity. (+5) It may be more difficult for team members to build meaningful, productive, creative relationships with one another. (-4) Remote working provides greater flexibility, particularly for and who have other responsibilities.
(+4) The organization would have to budget for equipment that team members can take home. (-4) It's possible to hire highly creative people who live further away if they don't have to come into the office every day. (+4) The organization may not be able to keep track of how people. (-3) People who are distracted by office noises and regular interruptions will perform better.
(+5) The company could, because equipment and documents are removed from the office. (-5) Team members' communication skills will improve, as they will learn to communicate more effectively using email and IM, for example. (+3) It will be harder to schedule face-to-face meetings and provide constructive feedback. (-1) +21 -17.
Plus Minus In Basketball
Key Points Weighing up pros and cons is a quick, simple way to make objective, considered decisions. Quantifying options helps you weigh up your decision. Start by writing the decision you have to make at the top of a sheet of paper. Then, divide it in half, and label one side 'Pros' and the other 'Cons.' Write down all of the possible benefits of following the course of action, and all the possible negative outcomes, under each heading. Your decision may be clear at this stage.
If not, you can score your pros and cons to show the importance of each. The total will help you decide whether it's worthwhile going ahead with the decision.
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